1. 简介
LFS是Linux From Scratch的简称，LFS 存在的一个重要原因是可以帮助人们学习 linux 系统内部是如何工作的。构建一个 LFS 系统会帮助演示是什么使 linux 运转，各种组件如何在一起互相依赖的工作。最好的事情之一通过这种学习可以获得完全根据自己的需求定制 linux 系统的能力。
LFS 的一个关键的好处是它让用户对于系统有更多的控制，而不是依赖于他人的 linux 实现。在 LFS 的世界里，你自己坐在司机的位置，掌控系统的每一个细节，比如目录布局和启动脚本配置等等。你也能掌控在哪里、为何、以及怎样安装每一个程序。有关LFS相关的资料可以去这个链接中查找：http://www.linuxfromscratch.org
1.1. 环境配置
| 项目 | 软件 | CPU | 内存 | 硬盘 | 网络 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 虚拟机软件 | VirtualBox7.1.6 | 2 | 4 | 50+20 | NAT | 映射端口访问 |
| 宿主机 | Windows11 | i3-9100 | 16 | 1T | ||
| 虚拟机系统 | Debian12 | 最小化安装 |
- 虚拟机 50G 硬盘为 Debian12 的硬盘，20G硬盘为 LFS 的目标硬盘
- 参照 https://wiki.waringid.me/x/PgAS 完成 Debian 系统安装和镜像源配置
- 将新建用户 lf 加入 sudo 组。usermod -aG sudo lf
- 安装基础的开发组件
- 检查相关组件是否符合 LFS 项目的要求
sudo apt install -y build-essential vim sudo apt install -y autoconf automake gdb libffi-dev zlib1g-dev libssl-dev git wget
cat > version-check.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
# A script to list version numbers of critical development tools
# If you have tools installed in other directories, adjust PATH here AND
# in ~lfs/.bashrc (section 4.4) as well.
LC_ALL=C
PATH=/usr/bin:/bin
bail() { echo "FATAL: $1"; exit 1; }
grep --version > /dev/null 2> /dev/null || bail "grep does not work"
sed '' /dev/null || bail "sed does not work"
sort /dev/null || bail "sort does not work"
ver_check()
{
if ! type -p $2 &>/dev/null
then
echo "ERROR: Cannot find $2 ($1)"; return 1;
fi
v=$($2 --version 2>&1 | grep -E -o '[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+[a-z]*' | head -n1)
if printf '%s\n' $3 $v | sort --version-sort --check &>/dev/null
then
printf "OK: %-9s %-6s >= $3\n" "$1" "$v"; return 0;
else
printf "ERROR: %-9s is TOO OLD ($3 or later required)\n" "$1";
return 1;
fi
}
ver_kernel()
{
kver=$(uname -r | grep -E -o '^[0-9\.]+')
if printf '%s\n' $1 $kver | sort --version-sort --check &>/dev/null
then
printf "OK: Linux Kernel $kver >= $1\n"; return 0;
else
printf "ERROR: Linux Kernel ($kver) is TOO OLD ($1 or later required)\n" "$kver";
return 1;
fi
}
# Coreutils first because --version-sort needs Coreutils >= 7.0
ver_check Coreutils sort 8.1 || bail "Coreutils too old, stop"
ver_check Bash bash 3.2
ver_check Binutils ld 2.13.1
ver_check Bison bison 2.7
ver_check Diffutils diff 2.8.1
ver_check Findutils find 4.2.31
ver_check Gawk gawk 4.0.1
ver_check GCC gcc 5.2
ver_check "GCC (C++)" g++ 5.2
ver_check Grep grep 2.5.1a
ver_check Gzip gzip 1.3.12
ver_check M4 m4 1.4.10
ver_check Make make 4.0
ver_check Patch patch 2.5.4
ver_check Perl perl 5.8.8
ver_check Python python3 3.4
ver_check Sed sed 4.1.5
ver_check Tar tar 1.22
ver_check Texinfo texi2any 5.0
ver_check Xz xz 5.0.0
ver_kernel 5.4
if mount | grep -q 'devpts on /dev/pts' && [ -e /dev/ptmx ]
then echo "OK: Linux Kernel supports UNIX 98 PTY";
else echo "ERROR: Linux Kernel does NOT support UNIX 98 PTY"; fi
alias_check() {
if $1 --version 2>&1 | grep -qi $2
then printf "OK: %-4s is $2\n" "$1";
else printf "ERROR: %-4s is NOT $2\n" "$1"; fi
}
echo "Aliases:"
alias_check awk GNU
alias_check yacc Bison
alias_check sh Bash
echo "Compiler check:"
if printf "int main(){}" | g++ -x c++ -
then echo "OK: g++ works";
else echo "ERROR: g++ does NOT work"; fi
rm -f a.out
if [ "$(nproc)" = "" ]; then
echo "ERROR: nproc is not available or it produces empty output"
else
echo "OK: nproc reports $(nproc) logical cores are available"
fi
EOF
sudo bash version-check.sh
针对上述检查结果补齐没有安装的组件
sudo apt install bison gawk texinfo
1.2. 磁盘分区及格式
20G 为 LFS 的目标磁盘，共分3个区
- sdb1 规划 300M ，目标格式 ext2 用于挂载启动分区 /boot
- sdb2 规划 1G，用作交换分区
- sdb3 规划剩余的空间，分区格式：ext4，挂载根分区
sudo mkfs -v -t ext2 /dev/sdb1 sudo mkswap /dev/sdb2 sudo mkfs -v -t ext4 /dev/sdb3
1.3. 下载软件包
- 创建软件包的存储目录
- 下载对应的软件包
- 软件包的下载地址文件 https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/wget-list-sysv
- 软件包的 md5 校验文件 https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/md5sums
- 如果存在无法下载的软件包可以参考国内镜像网站 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/lfs/lfs-packages/12.3/
- 验证软件包的 md5 值，确保软件包数量一致
export LFS=/mnt/lfs echo $LFS sudo mkdir -pv $LFS sudo mount -v -t ext4 /dev/sdb3 $LFS sudo chown root:root $LFS sudo chmod 755 $LFS wget https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/wget-list-sysv wget https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/md5sums sudo mv md5sums $LFS/sources/ vim wget-list-sysv sudo mkdir -pv $LFS/sources sudo chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources/ sudo wget --input-file=wget-list-sysv --continue --directory-prefix=$LFS/sources/ pushd $LFS/sources/ sudo md5sum -c md5sums popd
1.4. 创建文件目录布局
以下操作通过 root 用户操作
mkdir -pv $LFS/{etc,var} $LFS/usr/{bin,lib,sbin}
for i in bin lib sbin; do
ln -sv usr/$i $LFS/$i
done
case $(uname -m) in
x86_64) mkdir -pv $LFS/lib64 ;;
esac
mkdir -pv $LFS/tools
1.5. 添加 LFS 用户并配置用户环境
groupadd lfs
useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs
passwd lfs
chown -v lfs $LFS/{usr{,/*},var,etc,tools}
case $(uname -m) in
x86_64) chown -v lfs $LFS/lib64 ;;
esac
su - lfs
cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash
EOF
cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF"
set +h
umask 022
LFS=/mnt/lfs
LC_ALL=POSIX
LFS_TGT=$(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu
PATH=/usr/bin
if [ ! -L /bin ]; then PATH=/bin:$PATH; fi
PATH=$LFS/tools/bin:$PATH
CONFIG_SITE=$LFS/usr/share/config.site
export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH CONFIG_SITE
EOF
source ~/.bash_profile
- LFS_TGT=$(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu。LFS_TGT变量设定了一个非默认，但与宿主系统兼容的机器描述符。该描述符被用于构建交叉编译器和交叉编译临时工具链。
- set +h。set +h 命令关闭 bash 的散列功能。一般情况下，散列是很有用的 —— bash 使用一个散列表维护各个可执行文件的完整路径，这样就不用每次都在 PATH 指定的目录中搜索可执行文件。然而，在构建 LFS 时，我们希望总是使用最新安装的工具。关闭散列功能强制 shell 在运行程序时总是搜索 PATH。这样，一旦$LFS/tools/bin 中有新的工具可用，shell 就能够找到它们，而不是使用之前记忆在散列表中，由宿主发行版提供的 /usr/bin 或 /bin 中的工具。
- 将 umask 设定为 022，保证只有文件所有者可以写新创建的文件和目录，但任何人都可读取或搜索 (仅针对目录) 它们
2. 编译交叉工具链
构建临时编译环境前需要确认 LFS 环境变量是否配置正确，并确保使用 lfs 用户登入且已经进入 sources 目录
su - lfs export LFS=/mnt/lfs echo $LFS cd $LFS/sources/ mkdir -v build
2.1. Binutils-2.44 第一遍
tar Jxvf binutils-2.44.tar.xz
cd $LFS/sources/build
..//binutils-2.44/configure --prefix=$LFS/tools \
--with-sysroot=$LFS \
--target=$LFS_TGT \
--disable-nls \
--enable-gprofng=no \
--disable-werror \
--enable-new-dtags \
--enable-default-hash-style=gnu
make
make install
2.2. GCC-14.2.0 第一遍
tar Jxvf gcc-14.2.0.tar.xz
cd gcc-14.2.0
tar -xf ../mpfr-4.2.1.tar.xz
mv -v mpfr-4.2.1 mpfr
tar -xf ../gmp-6.3.0.tar.xz
mv -v gmp-6.3.0 gmp
tar -xf ../mpc-1.3.1.tar.gz
mv -v mpc-1.3.1 mpc
case $(uname -m) in
x86_64)
sed -e '/m64=/s/lib64/lib/' \
-i.orig gcc/config/i386/t-linux64
;;
esac
mkdir -v build
cd build
../configure \
--target=$LFS_TGT \
--prefix=$LFS/tools \
--with-glibc-version=2.41 \
--with-sysroot=$LFS \
--with-newlib \
--without-headers \
--enable-default-pie \
--enable-default-ssp \
--disable-nls \
--disable-shared \
--disable-multilib \
--disable-threads \
--disable-libatomic \
--disable-libgomp \
--disable-libquadmath \
--disable-libssp \
--disable-libvtv \
--disable-libstdcxx \
--enable-languages=c,c++
make
make install
cd ..
cat gcc/limitx.h gcc/glimits.h gcc/limity.h > \
`dirname $($LFS_TGT-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)`/include/limits.h
2.3. Linux-6.13.4 API 头文件
tar xf linux-6.13.4.tar.xz cd linux-6.13.4 make mrproper make headers find usr/include -type f ! -name '*.h' -delete cp -rv usr/include $LFS/usr
2.4. Glibc-2.41
tar xf glibc-2.41.tar.xz
cd glibc-2.41
case $(uname -m) in
i?86) ln -sfv ld-linux.so.2 $LFS/lib/ld-lsb.so.3
;;
x86_64) ln -sfv ../lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 $LFS/lib64
ln -sfv ../lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 $LFS/lib64/ld-lsb-x86-64.so.3
;;
esac
patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.41-fhs-1.patch
mkdir -v build
cd build
echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" > configparms
../configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(../scripts/config.guess) \
--enable-kernel=5.4 \
--with-headers=$LFS/usr/include \
--disable-nscd \
libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
sed '/RTLDLIST=/s@/usr@@g' -i $LFS/usr/bin/ldd
echo 'int main(){}' | $LFS_TGT-gcc -xc -
readelf -l a.out | grep ld-linux
rm -v a.out
如果一切正常，那么应该没有错误消息，而且最后一行命令应该输出下列格式的内容：
[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]
2.5. GCC-14.2.0 中的 Libstdc++
Libstdc++ 是 C++ 标准库。我们需要它才能编译 C++ 代码 (GCC 的一部分用 C++ 编写)。但在构建第一遍的 GCC时我们不得不暂缓安装它，因为 Libstdc++ 依赖于当时还没有安装到目标目录的 Glibc。
cd gcc-14.2.0
cd build
../libstdc++-v3/configure \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(../config.guess) \
--prefix=/usr \
--disable-multilib \
--disable-nls \
--disable-libstdcxx-pch \
--with-gxx-include-dir=/tools/$LFS_TGT/include/c++/14.2.0
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
rm -v $LFS/usr/lib/lib{stdc++{,exp,fs},supc++}.la
3. 交叉编译临时工具
使用刚刚构建的交叉工具链对基本工具进行交叉编译。这些工具会被安装到它们的最终位置，但现在还无法使用。基本操作仍然依赖宿主系统的工具。尽管如此，在链接时会使用刚刚安装的库。
3.1. M4-1.4.19
tar xvf m4-1.4.19.tar.xz
cd m4-1.4.19
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess)
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
3.2. Ncurses-6.5
tar xf ncurses-6.5.tar.gz
cd ncurses-6.5
mkdir build
pushd build
../configure AWK=gawk
make -C include
make -C progs tic
popd
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(./config.guess) \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
--with-manpage-format=normal \
--with-shared \
--without-normal \
--with-cxx-shared \
--without-debug \
--without-ada \
--disable-stripping \
AWK=gawk
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS TIC_PATH=$(pwd)/build/progs/tic install
ln -sv libncursesw.so $LFS/usr/lib/libncurses.so
sed -e 's/^#if.*XOPEN.*$/#if 1/' \
-i $LFS/usr/include/curses.h
3.3. Bash-5.2.37
tar xvf bash-5.2.37.tar.gz
cd bash-5.2.37
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--build=$(sh support/config.guess) \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--without-bash-malloc
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
ln -sv bash $LFS/bin/sh
3.4. Coreutils-9.6
tar xvf coreutils-9.6.tar.xz
cd coreutils-9.6
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess) \
--enable-install-program=hostname \
--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
mv -v $LFS/usr/bin/chroot $LFS/usr/sbin
mkdir -pv $LFS/usr/share/man/man8
mv -v $LFS/usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 $LFS/usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' $LFS/usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
3.5. Diffutils-3.11
tar xvf diffutils-3.11.tar.xz
cd diffutils-3.11
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(./build-aux/config.guess)
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
3.6. File-5.46
tar xvf file-5.46.tar.gz
cd file-5.46
mkdir build
pushd build
../configure --disable-bzlib \
--disable-libseccomp \
--disable-xzlib \
--disable-zlib
make
popd
./configure --prefix=/usr --host=$LFS_TGT --build=$(./config.guess)
make FILE_COMPILE=$(pwd)/build/src/file
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
rm -v $LFS/usr/lib/libmagic.la
3.7. Findutils-4.10.0
tar xvf findutils-4.10.0.tar.xz
cd findutils-4.10.0
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--localstatedir=/var/lib/locate \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess)
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
3.8. Gawk-5.3.1
tar xvf gawk-5.3.1.tar.xz
cd gawk-5.3.1
sed -i 's/extras//' Makefile.in
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess)
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
3.9. Grep-3.11
tar xvf grep-3.11.tar.xz
cd grep-3.11
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(./build-aux/config.guess)
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
3.10. Gzip-1.13
tar xvf gzip-1.13.tar.xz cd gzip-1.13 ./configure --prefix=/usr --host=$LFS_TGT make make DESTDIR=$LFS install
3.11. Make-4.4.1
tar xvf make-4.4.1.tar.gz
cd make-4.4.1
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--without-guile \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess)
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
3.12. Patch-2.7.6
tar xvf patch-2.7.6.tar.xz
cd patch-2.7.6
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess)
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
3.13. Sed-4.9
tar xvf sed-4.9.tar.xz
cd sed-4.9
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(./build-aux/config.guess)
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
3.14. Tar-1.35
tar xvf tar-1.35.tar.xz
cd Tar-1.35
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess)
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
3.15. Xz-5.6.4
tar xvf xz-5.6.4.tar.xz
cd Xz-5.6.4
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess) \
--disable-static \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/xz-5.6.4
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
rm -v $LFS/usr/lib/liblzma.la
3.16. Binutils-2.44 - 第二遍
tar Jxvf binutils-2.44.tar.xz
cd binutils-2.44
sed '6031s/$add_dir//' -i ltmain.sh
mkdir -v build
cd build
../configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--build=$(../config.guess) \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--disable-nls \
--enable-shared \
--enable-gprofng=no \
--disable-werror \
--enable-64-bit-bfd \
--enable-new-dtags \
--enable-default-hash-style=gnu
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
rm -v $LFS/usr/lib/lib{bfd,ctf,ctf-nobfd,opcodes,sframe}.{a,la}
3.17. GCC-14.2.0 - 第二遍
tar xvf gcc-14.2.0.tar.xz
cd gcc-14.2.0
tar -xf ../mpfr-4.2.1.tar.xz
mv -v mpfr-4.2.1 mpfr
tar -xf ../gmp-6.3.0.tar.xz
mv -v gmp-6.3.0 gmp
tar -xf ../mpc-1.3.1.tar.gz
mv -v mpc-1.3.1 mpc
case $(uname -m) in
x86_64)
sed -e '/m64=/s/lib64/lib/' \
-i.orig gcc/config/i386/t-linux64
;;
esac
sed '/thread_header =/s/@.*@/gthr-posix.h/' \
-i libgcc/Makefile.in libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.in
mkdir -v build
cd build
../configure \
--build=$(../config.guess) \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--target=$LFS_TGT \
LDFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=-L$PWD/$LFS_TGT/libgcc \
--prefix=/usr \
--with-build-sysroot=$LFS \
--enable-default-pie \
--enable-default-ssp \
--disable-nls \
--disable-multilib \
--disable-libatomic \
--disable-libgomp \
--disable-libquadmath \
--disable-libsanitizer \
--disable-libssp \
--disable-libvtv \
--enable-languages=c,c++
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
ln -sv gcc $LFS/usr/bin/cc
4. 进入 Chroot 并构建其他临时工具
由于已经解决了所有循环依赖问题，现在即可使用“chroot”环境进行构建，它与宿主系统 (除正在运行的内核外) 完全隔离。所有命令必须以 root 用户身份执行，且 LFS 变量必须正确设定。在进入 chroot 之后，仍然以 root 身份执行所有命令。
4.1. 改变所有者
目前，$LFS 中整个目录树的所有者都是 lfs，这个用户只在宿主系统存在。如果不改变 $LFS 中文件和目录的所有权，它们会被一个没有对应账户的用户 ID 所有。这是危险的，因为后续创建的新用户可能获得这个用户 ID，并成为 $LFS 中全部文件的所有者，从而产生恶意操作这些文件的可能。
export LFS=/mnt/lfs
echo $LFS
chown --from lfs -R root:root $LFS/{usr,lib,var,etc,bin,sbin,tools}
case $(uname -m) in
x86_64) chown --from lfs -R root:root $LFS/lib64 ;;
esac
4.2. 准备虚拟内核文件系统
mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys,run}
mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
mount -vt devpts devpts -o gid=5,mode=0620 $LFS/dev/pts
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run
if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
install -v -d -m 1777 $LFS$(realpath /dev/shm)
else
mount -vt tmpfs -o nosuid,nodev tmpfs $LFS/dev/shm
fi
4.3. 进入 chroot 环境
chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root \
TERM="$TERM" \
PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin \
MAKEFLAGS="-j$(nproc)" \
TESTSUITEFLAGS="-j$(nproc)" \
/bin/bash --login
注意 bash 的提示符会包含 I have no name!。这是正常的，因为现在还没有创建 /etc/passwd 文件。
4.4. 创建目录和相关文件
mkdir -pv /{boot,home,mnt,opt,srv}
mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}
mkdir -pv /lib/firmware
mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{include,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
mkdir -pv /usr/local/{bin,lib,sbin}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}
mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}
ln -sfv /run /var/run
ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock
install -dv -m 0750 /root
install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
ln -sv /proc/self/mounts /etc/mtab
cat > /etc/hosts << EOF
127.0.0.1 localhost $(hostname)
::1 localhost
EOF
cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF"
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/run/dbus:/usr/bin/false
uuidd:x:80:80:UUID Generation Daemon User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
nobody:x:65534:65534:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
EOF
cat > /etc/group << "EOF"
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:daemon
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tape:x:4:
tty:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
cdrom:x:15:
adm:x:16:
messagebus:x:18:
input:x:24:
mail:x:34:
kvm:x:61:
uuidd:x:80:
wheel:x:97:
users:x:999:
nogroup:x:65534:
EOF
echo "tester:x:101:101::/home/tester:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd
echo "tester:x:101:" >> /etc/group
install -o tester -d /home/tester
exec /usr/bin/bash --login
touch /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,faillog,wtmp}
chgrp -v utmp /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 664 /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 600 /var/log/btmp
4.5. Gettext-0.24
cd sources
tar xvf gettext-0.24.tar.xz
cd gettext-0.24
./configure --disable-shared
make
cp -v gettext-tools/src/{msgfmt,msgmerge,xgettext} /usr/bin
4.6. Bison-3.8.2
tar xvf bison-3.8.2.tar.xz
cd bison-3.8.2
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/bison-3.8.2
make
make install
4.7. Perl-5.40.1
tar xvf perl-5.40.1.tar.xz
cd perl-5.40.1
sh Configure -des \
-D prefix=/usr \
-D vendorprefix=/usr \
-D useshrplib \
-D privlib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.40/core_perl \
-D archlib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.40/core_perl \
-D sitelib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.40/site_perl \
-D sitearch=/usr/lib/perl5/5.40/site_perl \
-D vendorlib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.40/vendor_perl \
-D vendorarch=/usr/lib/perl5/5.40/vendor_perl
make
make install
4.8. Python-3.13.2
tar xvf Python-3.13.2.tar.xz
cd Python-3.13.2
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-shared \
--without-ensurepip
make
make install
4.9. Texinfo-7.2
tar xvf texinfo-7.2.tar.xz cd texinfo-7.2 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install
4.10. Util-linux-2.40.4
tar xvf util-linux-2.40.4.tar.xz
cd util-linux-2.40.4
mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock
./configure --libdir=/usr/lib \
--runstatedir=/run \
--disable-chfn-chsh \
--disable-login \
--disable-nologin \
--disable-su \
--disable-setpriv \
--disable-runuser \
--disable-pylibmount \
--disable-static \
--disable-liblastlog2 \
--without-python \
ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-2.40.4
make
make install
4.11. 清理和备份临时系统
清理
rm -rf /usr/share/{info,man,doc}/*
find /usr/{lib,libexec} -name \*.la -delete
rm -rf /tools
备份
备份操作需要离开 chroot 环境
exit
mountpoint -q $LFS/dev/shm && umount $LFS/dev/shm
umount $LFS/dev/pts
umount $LFS/{sys,proc,run,dev}
cd $LFS
tar -cJpf $HOME/lfs-temp-tools-12.3.tar.xz .
恢复备份
cd $LFS rm -rf ./* tar -xpf $HOME/lfs-temp-tools-12.3.tar.xz
如果在进行备份或从备份进行恢复时退出了 chroot 环境，记得检查内核虚拟文件系统是否仍然处于挂载状态 (可以使用 findmnt | grep $LFS 进行检查)。如果它们尚未挂载，需要按照 “4.2准备虚拟内核文件系统”的描述重新挂载内核虚拟文件系统，并重新进入 chroot 环境 ，再继续进行构建。
5. 构建 LFS 系统
5.1. Man-pages-6.12
tar xvf man-pages-6.12.tar.xz cd man-pages-6.12 rm -v man3/crypt* make -R GIT=false prefix=/usr install
5.2. Iana-Etc-20250123
tar xvf iana-etc-20250123.tar.gz cd iana-etc-20250123 cp services protocols /etc
5.3. Glibc-2.41
tar xvf glibc-2.41.tar.xz
cd glibc-2.41
patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.41-fhs-1.patch
mkdir -v build
cd build
echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" > configparms
../configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-werror \
--enable-kernel=5.4 \
--enable-stack-protector=strong \
--disable-nscd \
libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib
make
make check
sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile
make install
sed '/RTLDLIST=/s@/usr@@g' -i /usr/bin/ldd
localedef -i C -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8
localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
localedef -i el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
localedef -i en_GB -f ISO-8859-1 en_GB
localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
localedef -i es_ES -f ISO-8859-15 es_ES@euro
localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
localedef -i is_IS -f ISO-8859-1 is_IS
localedef -i is_IS -f UTF-8 is_IS.UTF-8
localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-15 it_IT@euro
localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true
localedef -i ja_JP -f UTF-8 ja_JP.UTF-8
localedef -i nl_NL@euro -f ISO-8859-15 nl_NL@euro
localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
localedef -i se_NO -f UTF-8 se_NO.UTF-8
localedef -i ta_IN -f UTF-8 ta_IN.UTF-8
localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS
localedef -i zh_TW -f UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8
cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
passwd: files
group: files
shadow: files
hosts: files dns
networks: files
protocols: files
services: files
ethers: files
rpc: files
# End /etc/nsswitch.conf
EOF
tar -xf ../../tzdata2025a.tar.gz
ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
asia australasia backward; do
zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO ${tz}
zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz}
zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz}
done
cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
zic -d $ZONEINFO -p Asia/Shanghai
unset ZONEINFO tz
cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
/usr/local/lib
/opt/lib
EOF
cat >> /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
# Add an include directory
include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
EOF
mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d
5.4. Zlib-1.3.1
tar xvf zlib-1.3.1.tar.gz cd zlib-1.3.1 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make check make install rm -fv /usr/lib/libz.a
5.5. Bzip2-1.0.8
tar xvf bzip2-1.0.8.tar.gz
cd bzip2-1.0.8
patch -Np1 -i ../bzip2-1.0.8-install_docs-1.patch
sed -i 's@\(ln -s -f \)$(PREFIX)/bin/@\1@' Makefile
sed -i "s@(PREFIX)/man@(PREFIX)/share/man@g" Makefile
make -f Makefile-libbz2_so
make clean
make
make PREFIX=/usr install
cp -av libbz2.so.* /usr/lib
ln -sv libbz2.so.1.0.8 /usr/lib/libbz2.so
cp -v bzip2-shared /usr/bin/bzip2
for i in /usr/bin/{bzcat,bunzip2}; do
ln -sfv bzip2 $i
done
rm -fv /usr/lib/libbz2.a
5.6. Xz-5.6.4
tar xvf xz-5.6.4.tar.xz
cd xz-5.6.4
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/xz-5.6.4
make
make install
5.7. Lz4-1.10.0
tar xvf lz4-1.10.0.tar.gz cd lz4-1.10.0 make BUILD_STATIC=no PREFIX=/usr make BUILD_STATIC=no PREFIX=/usr install
5.8. Zstd-1.5.7
tar xvf zstd-1.5.7.tar.gz cd zstd-1.5.7 make prefix=/usr make prefix=/usr install rm -v /usr/lib/libzstd.a
5.9. File-5.46
tar xvf file-5.46.tar.gz cd file-5.46 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install
5.10. Readline-8.2.13
tar xvf readline-8.2.13.tar.gz
cd readline-8.2.13
sed -i '/MV.*old/d' Makefile.in
sed -i '/{OLDSUFF}/c:' support/shlib-install
sed -i 's/-Wl,-rpath,[^ ]*//' support/shobj-conf
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--with-curses \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/readline-8.2.13
make SHLIB_LIBS="-lncursesw"
make install
install -v -m644 doc/*.{ps,pdf,html,dvi} /usr/share/doc/readline-8.2.13
5.11. M4-1.4.19
tar xvf m4-1.4.19.tar.xz cd m4-1.4.19 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install
5.12. Bc-7.0.3
tar xvf bc-7.0.3.tar.xz cd bc-7.0.3 CC=gcc ./configure --prefix=/usr -G -O3 -r make make install
5.13. Flex-2.6.4
tar xvf flex-2.6.4.tar.gz
cd flex-2.6.4
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/flex-2.6.4 \
--disable-static
make
make install
ln -sv flex /usr/bin/lex
ln -sv flex.1 /usr/share/man/man1/lex.1
5.14. Tcl-8.6.16
tar xvf tcl8.6.16-src.tar.gz
cd tcl-8.6.16
SRCDIR=$(pwd)
cd unix
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
--disable-rpath
make
sed -e "s|$SRCDIR/unix|/usr/lib|" \
-e "s|$SRCDIR|/usr/include|" \
-i tclConfig.sh
sed -e "s|$SRCDIR/unix/pkgs/tdbc1.1.10|/usr/lib/tdbc1.1.10|" \
-e "s|$SRCDIR/pkgs/tdbc1.1.10/generic|/usr/include|" \
-e "s|$SRCDIR/pkgs/tdbc1.1.10/library|/usr/lib/tcl8.6|" \
-e "s|$SRCDIR/pkgs/tdbc1.1.10|/usr/include|" \
-i pkgs/tdbc1.1.10/tdbcConfig.sh
sed -e "s|$SRCDIR/unix/pkgs/itcl4.3.2|/usr/lib/itcl4.3.2|" \
-e "s|$SRCDIR/pkgs/itcl4.3.2/generic|/usr/include|" \
-e "s|$SRCDIR/pkgs/itcl4.3.2|/usr/include|" \
-i pkgs/itcl4.3.2/itclConfig.sh
unset SRCDIR
make install
chmod -v u+w /usr/lib/libtcl8.6.so
make install-private-headers
ln -sfv tclsh8.6 /usr/bin/tclsh
mv /usr/share/man/man3/{Thread,Tcl_Thread}.3
5.15. Expect-5.45.4
tar xvf expect5.45.4.tar.gz
cd expect5.45.4
python3 -c 'from pty import spawn; spawn(["echo", "ok"])'
patch -Np1 -i ../expect-5.45.4-gcc14-1.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--with-tcl=/usr/lib \
--enable-shared \
--disable-rpath \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
--with-tclinclude=/usr/include
make
make install
ln -svf expect5.45.4/libexpect5.45.4.so /usr/lib
5.16. DejaGNU-1.6.3
tar xvf dejagnu-1.6.3.tar.gz
cd dejagnu-1.6.3
mkdir -v build
cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr
makeinfo --html --no-split -o doc/dejagnu.html ../doc/dejagnu.texi
makeinfo --plaintext -o doc/dejagnu.txt ../doc/dejagnu.texi
make install
install -v -dm755 /usr/share/doc/dejagnu-1.6.3
install -v -m644 doc/dejagnu.{html,txt} /usr/share/doc/dejagnu-1.6.3
5.17. Pkgconf-2.3.0
tar xvf pkgconf-2.3.0.tar.xz
cd pkgconf-2.3.0
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/pkgconf-2.3.0
make
make install
ln -sv pkgconf /usr/bin/pkg-config
ln -sv pkgconf.1 /usr/share/man/man1/pkg-config.1
5.18. Binutils-2.44
tar xvf binutils-2.44.tar.xz
cd Binutils-2.44
mkdir -v build
cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--enable-ld=default \
--enable-plugins \
--enable-shared \
--disable-werror \
--enable-64-bit-bfd \
--enable-new-dtags \
--with-system-zlib \
--enable-default-hash-style=gnu
make tooldir=/usr
make tooldir=/usr install
rm -rfv /usr/lib/lib{bfd,ctf,ctf-nobfd,gprofng,opcodes,sframe}.a \
/usr/share/doc/gprofng/
5.19. GMP-6.3.0
tar xvf gmp-6.3.0.tar.xz
cd gmp-6.3.0
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-cxx \
--disable-static \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/gmp-6.3.0
make
make html
make install
make install-html
5.20. MPFR-4.2.1
tar xvf mpfr-4.2.1.tar.xz
cd mpfr-4.2.1
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--enable-thread-safe \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/mpfr-4.2.1
make
make html
make install
make install-html
5.21. MPC-1.3.1
tar xvf mpc-1.3.1.tar.gz
cd mpc-1.3.1
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/mpc-1.3.1
make
make html
make install
make install-html
5.22. Attr-2.5.2
tar xvf attr-2.5.2.tar.gz
cd attr-2.5.2
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/attr-2.5.2
make
make install
5.23. Acl-2.3.2
tar xvf acl-2.3.2.tar.xz
cd acl-2.3.2
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/acl-2.3.2
make
make install
5.24. Libcap-2.73
tar xvf libcap-2.73.tar.xz cd libcap-2.73 sed -i '/install -m.*STA/d' libcap/Makefile make prefix=/usr lib=lib make prefix=/usr lib=lib install
5.25. Libxcrypt-4.4.38
tar xvf libxcrypt-4.4.38.tar.xz
cd libxcrypt-4.4.38
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-hashes=strong,glibc \
--enable-obsolete-api=no \
--disable-static \
--disable-failure-tokens
make
make install
5.26. Shadow-4.17.3
tar xvf shadow-4.17.3.tar.xz
cd shadow-4.17.3
sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in
find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\.1 / /' {} \;
find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/getspnam\.3 / /' {} \;
find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/passwd\.5 / /' {} \;
sed -e 's:#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES:ENCRYPT_METHOD YESCRYPT:' \
-e 's:/var/spool/mail:/var/mail:' \
-e '/PATH=/{s@/sbin:@@;s@/bin:@@}' \
-i etc/login.defs
touch /usr/bin/passwd
./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-static \
--with-{b,yes}crypt \
--without-libbsd \
--with-group-name-max-length=32
make
make exec_prefix=/usr install
make -C man install-man
pwconv
grpconv
mkdir -p /etc/default
useradd -D --gid 999
passwd root
5.27. GCC-14.2.0
tar xvf gcc-14.2.0.tar.xz
cd gcc-14.2.0
case $(uname -m) in
x86_64)
sed -e '/m64=/s/lib64/lib/' \
-i.orig gcc/config/i386/t-linux64
;;
esac
mkdir -v build
cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr \
LD=ld \
--enable-languages=c,c++ \
--enable-default-pie \
--enable-default-ssp \
--enable-host-pie \
--disable-multilib \
--disable-bootstrap \
--disable-fixincludes \
--with-system-zlib
make
make install
ln -svr /usr/bin/cpp /usr/lib
ln -sv gcc.1 /usr/share/man/man1/cc.1
ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/14.2.0/liblto_plugin.so \
/usr/lib/bfd-plugins/
echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c
cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log
readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'
grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log
grep -E -o '/usr/lib.*/S?crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log
grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g'
grep "/lib.*/libc.so.6 " dummy.log
grep found dummy.log
rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log
mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib
mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib
5.28. Ncurses-6.5
tar xvf ncurses-6.5.tar.gz
cd ncurses-6.5
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
--with-shared \
--without-debug \
--without-normal \
--with-cxx-shared \
--enable-pc-files \
--with-pkg-config-libdir=/usr/lib/pkgconfig
make
make DESTDIR=$PWD/dest install
install -vm755 dest/usr/lib/libncursesw.so.6.5 /usr/lib
rm -v dest/usr/lib/libncursesw.so.6.5
sed -e 's/^#if.*XOPEN.*$/#if 1/' \
-i dest/usr/include/curses.h
cp -av dest/* /
for lib in ncurses form panel menu ; do
ln -sfv lib${lib}w.so /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
ln -sfv ${lib}w.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig/${lib}.pc
done
ln -sfv libncursesw.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so
5.29. Sed-4.9
tar xvf sed-4.9.tar.xz cd sed-4.9 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make html make install install -d -m755 /usr/share/doc/sed-4.9 install -m644 doc/sed.html /usr/share/doc/sed-4.9
5.30. Psmisc-23.7
tar xvf psmisc-23.7.tar.xz cd psmisc-23.7 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install
5.31. Gettext-0.24
tar xvf gettext-0.24.tar.xz
cd gettext-0.24
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/gettext-0.24
make
make install
chmod -v 0755 /usr/lib/preloadable_libintl.so
5.32. Bison-3.8.2
tar xvf bison-3.8.2.tar.xz cd bison-3.8.2 ./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/bison-3.8.2 make make install
5.33. Grep-3.11
tar xvf grep-3.11.tar.xz cd grep-3.11 sed -i "s/echo/#echo/" src/egrep.sh ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install
5.34. Bash-5.2.37
tar xvf bash-5.2.37.tar.gz
cd bash-5.2.37
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--without-bash-malloc \
--with-installed-readline \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/bash-5.2.37
make
make install
exec /usr/bin/bash --login
5.35. Libtool-2.5.4
tar xvf libtool-2.5.4.tar.xz cd libtool-2.5.4 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install rm -fv /usr/lib/libltdl.a
5.36. GDBM-1.24
tar xvf gdbm-1.24.tar.gz
cd gdbm-1.24
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--enable-libgdbm-compat
make
make install
5.37. Gperf-3.1
tar xvf gperf-3.1.tar.gz cd gperf-3.1 ./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/gperf-3.1 make make install
5.38. Expat-2.6.4
tar xvf expat-2.6.4.tar.xz
cd expat-2.6.4
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/expat-2.6.4
make
make install
install -v -m644 doc/*.{html,css} /usr/share/doc/expat-2.6.4
5.39. Inetutils-2.6
tar xvf inetutils-2.6.tar.xz
cd inetutils-2.6
sed -i 's/def HAVE_TERMCAP_TGETENT/ 1/' telnet/telnet.c
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/usr/bin \
--localstatedir=/var \
--disable-logger \
--disable-whois \
--disable-rcp \
--disable-rexec \
--disable-rlogin \
--disable-rsh \
--disable-servers
make
make install
mv -v /usr/{,s}bin/ifconfig
5.40. Less-668
tar xvf less-668.tar.gz cd less-668 ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc make make install
5.41. Perl-5.40.1
tar xvf perl-5.40.1.tar.xz
cd perl-5.40.1
export BUILD_ZLIB=False
export BUILD_BZIP2=0
sh Configure -des \
-D prefix=/usr \
-D vendorprefix=/usr \
-D privlib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.40/core_perl \
-D archlib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.40/core_perl \
-D sitelib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.40/site_perl \
-D sitearch=/usr/lib/perl5/5.40/site_perl \
-D vendorlib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.40/vendor_perl \
-D vendorarch=/usr/lib/perl5/5.40/vendor_perl \
-D man1dir=/usr/share/man/man1 \
-D man3dir=/usr/share/man/man3 \
-D pager="/usr/bin/less -isR" \
-D useshrplib \
-D usethreads
make
make install
unset BUILD_ZLIB BUILD_BZIP2
5.42. XML::Parser-2.47
tar xvf XML-Parser-2.47.tar.gz cd XML-Parser-2.47 perl Makefile.PL make make install
5.43. Intltool-0.51.0
tar xvf intltool-0.51.0.tar.gz
cd intltool-0.51.0
sed -i 's:\\\${:\\\$\\{:' intltool-update.in
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
install -v -Dm644 doc/I18N-HOWTO /usr/share/doc/intltool-0.51.0/I18N-HOWTO
5.44. Autoconf-2.72
tar xvf autoconf-2.72.tar.xz cd autoconf-2.72 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install
5.45. Automake-1.17
tar xvf automake-1.17.tar.xz cd automake-1.17 ./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/automake-1.17 make make install
OpenSSL-3.4.1
tar xvf openssl-3.4.1.tar.gz
cd openssl-3.4.1
./config --prefix=/usr \
--openssldir=/etc/ssl \
--libdir=lib \
shared \
zlib-dynamic
make
sed -i '/INSTALL_LIBS/s/libcrypto.a libssl.a//' Makefile
make MANSUFFIX=ssl install
mv -v /usr/share/doc/openssl /usr/share/doc/openssl-3.4.1
5.46. Elfutils-0.192 中的 Libelf
Libelf 是 elfutils-0.192 软件包的一部分。请使用 elfutils-0.192.tar.bz2 作为源代码包。
tar jxvf elfutils-0.192.tar.bz2
cd elfutils-0.192
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-debuginfod \
--enable-libdebuginfod=dummy
make
make -C libelf install
install -vm644 config/libelf.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig
rm /usr/lib/libelf.a
5.47. Libffi-3.4.7
tar xvf libffi-3.4.7.tar.gz
cd libffi-3.4.7
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--with-gcc-arch=native
make
make install
5.48. Python-3.13.2
tar xvf Python-3.13.2.tar.xz
cd Python-3.13.2
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-shared \
--with-system-expat \
--enable-optimizations
make
make install
cat > /etc/pip.conf << EOF
[global]
root-user-action = ignore
disable-pip-version-check = true
EOF
5.49. Flit-Core-3.11.0
tar xvf flit_core-3.11.0.tar.gz cd flit_core-3.11.0 pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD pip3 install --no-index --find-links dist flit_core
5.50. Wheel-0.45.1
tar xvf wheel-0.45.1.tar.gz cd wheel-0.45.1 pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD pip3 install --no-index --find-links dist wheel
5.51. Setuptools-75.8.1
tar xvf setuptools-75.8.1.tar.gz cd setuptools-75.8.1 pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD pip3 install --no-index --find-links dist setuptools
5.52. Ninja-1.12.1
tar xvf ninja-1.12.1.tar.gz cd ninja-1.12.1 export NINJAJOBS=4 sed -i '/int Guess/a \ int j = 0;\ char* jobs = getenv( "NINJAJOBS" );\ if ( jobs != NULL ) j = atoi( jobs );\ if ( j > 0 ) return j;\ ' src/ninja.cc python3 configure.py --bootstrap --verbose install -vm755 ninja /usr/bin/ install -vDm644 misc/bash-completion /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/ninja install -vDm644 misc/zsh-completion /usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_ninja
Meson-1.7.0
tar xvf meson-1.7.0.tar.gz cd meson-1.7.0 pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD pip3 install --no-index --find-links dist meson install -vDm644 data/shell-completions/bash/meson /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/meson install -vDm644 data/shell-completions/zsh/_meson /usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_meson
5.53. Kmod-34
tar xvf kmod-34.tar.xz
cd kmod-34
mkdir -p build
cd build
meson setup --prefix=/usr .. \
--sbindir=/usr/sbin \
--buildtype=release \
-D manpages=false
ninja
ninja install
5.54. Coreutils-9.6
tar xvf coreutils-9.6.tar.xz
cd coreutils-9.6
patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-9.6-i18n-1.patch
autoreconf -fv
automake -af
FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime
make
make install
mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
5.55. Check-0.15.2
tar xvf check-0.15.2.tar.gz cd check-0.15.2 ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static make make docdir=/usr/share/doc/check-0.15.2 install
5.56. Diffutils-3.11
tar xvf diffutils-3.11.tar.xz cd diffutils-3.11 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install
5.57. Gawk-5.3.1
tar xvf gawk-5.3.1.tar.xz cd gawk-5.3.1 sed -i 's/extras//' Makefile.in ./configure --prefix=/usr make rm -f /usr/bin/gawk-5.3.1 make install
5.58. Findutils-4.10.0
tar xvf findutils-4.10.0.tar.xz cd findutils-4.10.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr --localstatedir=/var/lib/locate make make install
5.59. Groff-1.23.0
tar xvf groff-1.23.0.tar.gz cd groff-1.23.0 PAGE=A4 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install
5.60. GRUB-2.12
tar xvf grub-2.12.tar.xz
cd grub-2.12
echo depends bli part_gpt > grub-core/extra_deps.lst
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-efiemu \
--disable-werror
make
make install
mv -v /etc/bash_completion.d/grub /usr/share/bash-completion/completions
5.61. Gzip-1.13
tar xvf gzip-1.13.tar.xz cd gzip-1.13 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install
5.62. IPRoute2-6.13.0
tar xvf iproute2-6.13.0.tar.xz cd iproute2-6.13.0 sed -i /ARPD/d Makefile rm -fv man/man8/arpd.8 make NETNS_RUN_DIR=/run/netns make SBINDIR=/usr/sbin install
5.63. Kbd-2.7.1
tar xvf kbd-2.7.1.tar.xz cd kbd-2.7.1 patch -Np1 -i ../kbd-2.7.1-backspace-1.patch sed -i '/RESIZECONS_PROGS=/s/yes/no/' configure sed -i 's/resizecons.8 //' docs/man/man8/Makefile.in ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-vlock make make install
5.64. Libpipeline-1.5.8
tar xvf libpipeline-1.5.8.tar.gz cd libpipeline-1.5.8 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install
5.65. Make-4.4.1
tar xvf make-4.4.1.tar.gz cd make-4.4.1 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install
5.66. Patch-2.7.6
tar xvf patch-2.7.6.tar.xz cd patch-2.7.6 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install
5.67. Tar-1.35
tar xvf tar-1.35.tar.xz cd tar-1.35 FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 \ ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install make -C doc install-html docdir=/usr/share/doc/tar-1.35
5.68. Texinfo-7.2
tar xvf texinfo-7.2.tar.xz
cd texinfo-7.2
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
make TEXMF=/usr/share/texmf install-tex
pushd /usr/share/info
rm -v dir
for f in *
do install-info $f dir 2>/dev/null
done
popd
5.69. Vim-9.1.1166
tar xvf vim-9.1.1166.tar.gz
cd vim-9.1.1166
echo '#define SYS_VIMRC_FILE "/etc/vimrc"' >> src/feature.h
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
ln -sv vim /usr/bin/vi
for L in /usr/share/man/{,*/}man1/vim.1; do
ln -sv vim.1 $(dirname $L)/vi.1
done
ln -sv ../vim/vim91/doc /usr/share/doc/vim-9.1.1166
cat > /etc/vimrc << "EOF"
" Begin /etc/vimrc
" Ensure defaults are set before customizing settings, not after
source $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim
let skip_defaults_vim=1
set nocompatible
set backspace=2
set mouse=
syntax on
if (&term == "xterm") || (&term == "putty")
set background=dark
endif
" End /etc/vimrc
EOF
5.70. MarkupSafe-3.0.2
tar xvf markupsafe-3.0.2.tar.gz cd markupsafe-3.0.2 pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD pip3 install --no-index --find-links dist Markupsafe
5.71. Jinja2-3.1.5
tar xvf jinja2-3.1.5.tar.gz cd jinja2-3.1.5 pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD pip3 install --no-index --find-links dist Jinja2
5.72. Systemd-257.3 中的 Udev
Udev 是 systemd-257.3 软件包的一部分。请使用 systemd-257.3.tar.xz 作为源代码包。
tar xvf systemd-257.3.tar.gz
cd systemd-257.3
sed -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
-e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' \
-i rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in
sed -i '/systemd-sysctl/s/^/#/' rules.d/99-systemd.rules.in
sed -e '/NETWORK_DIRS/s/systemd/udev/' \
-i src/libsystemd/sd-network/network-util.h
mkdir -p build
cd build
meson setup .. \
--prefix=/usr \
--buildtype=release \
-D mode=release \
-D dev-kvm-mode=0660 \
-D link-udev-shared=false \
-D logind=false \
-D vconsole=false
export udev_helpers=$(grep "'name' :" ../src/udev/meson.build | \
awk '{print $3}' | tr -d ",'" | grep -v 'udevadm')
ninja udevadm systemd-hwdb \
$(ninja -n | grep -Eo '(src/(lib)?udev|rules.d|hwdb.d)/[^ ]*') \
$(realpath libudev.so --relative-to .) \
$udev_helpers
install -vm755 -d {/usr/lib,/etc}/udev/{hwdb.d,rules.d,network}
install -vm755 -d /usr/{lib,share}/pkgconfig
install -vm755 udevadm /usr/bin/
install -vm755 systemd-hwdb /usr/bin/udev-hwdb
ln -svfn ../bin/udevadm /usr/sbin/udevd
cp -av libudev.so{,*[0-9]} /usr/lib/
install -vm644 ../src/libudev/libudev.h /usr/include/
install -vm644 src/libudev/*.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig/
install -vm644 src/udev/*.pc /usr/share/pkgconfig/
install -vm644 ../src/udev/udev.conf /etc/udev/
install -vm644 rules.d/* ../rules.d/README /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/
install -vm644 $(find ../rules.d/*.rules \
-not -name '*power-switch*') /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/
install -vm644 hwdb.d/* ../hwdb.d/{*.hwdb,README} /usr/lib/udev/hwdb.d/
install -vm755 $udev_helpers /usr/lib/udev
install -vm644 ../network/99-default.link /usr/lib/udev/network
tar -xvf ../../udev-lfs-20230818.tar.xz
make -f udev-lfs-20230818/Makefile.lfs install
unset udev_helpers
udev-hwdb update
5.73. Man-DB-2.13.0
tar xvf man-db-2.13.0.tar.xz
cd man-db-2.13.0
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/man-db-2.13.0 \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-setuid \
--enable-cache-owner=bin \
--with-browser=/usr/bin/lynx \
--with-vgrind=/usr/bin/vgrind \
--with-grap=/usr/bin/grap \
--with-systemdtmpfilesdir= \
--with-systemdsystemunitdir=
make
make install
5.74. Procps-ng-4.0.5
tar xvf procps-ng-4.0.5.tar.xz
cd procps-ng-4.0.5
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/procps-ng-4.0.5 \
--disable-static \
--disable-kill \
--enable-watch8bit
make
make install
5.75. Util-linux-2.40.4
tar xvf util-linux-2.40.4.tar.xz
cd util-linux-2.40.4
./configure --bindir=/usr/bin \
--libdir=/usr/lib \
--runstatedir=/run \
--sbindir=/usr/sbin \
--disable-chfn-chsh \
--disable-login \
--disable-nologin \
--disable-su \
--disable-setpriv \
--disable-runuser \
--disable-pylibmount \
--disable-liblastlog2 \
--disable-static \
--without-python \
--without-systemd \
--without-systemdsystemunitdir \
ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-2.40.4
make
make install
5.76. E2fsprogs-1.47.2
tar xvf e2fsprogs-1.47.2.tar.gz
cd e2fsprogs-1.47.2
mkdir -v build
cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--enable-elf-shlibs \
--disable-libblkid \
--disable-libuuid \
--disable-uuidd \
--disable-fsck
make
make install
rm -fv /usr/lib/{libcom_err,libe2p,libext2fs,libss}.a
gunzip -v /usr/share/info/libext2fs.info.gz
install-info --dir-file=/usr/share/info/dir /usr/share/info/libext2fs.info
sed 's/metadata_csum_seed,//' -i /etc/mke2fs.conf
5.77. Sysklogd-2.7.0
tar xvf sysklogd-2.7.0.tar.gz
cd sysklogd-2.7.0
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--runstatedir=/run \
--without-logger \
--disable-static \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/sysklogd-2.7.0
make
make install
cat > /etc/syslog.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/syslog.conf
auth,authpriv.* -/var/log/auth.log
*.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/sys.log
daemon.* -/var/log/daemon.log
kern.* -/var/log/kern.log
mail.* -/var/log/mail.log
user.* -/var/log/user.log
*.emerg *
# Do not open any internet ports.
secure_mode 2
# End /etc/syslog.conf
EOF
5.78. SysVinit-3.14
tar xvf sysvinit-3.14.tar.xz cd sysvinit-3.14 make make install
5.79. 移除调试符号（可选）
如果系统不是为程序员设计的，也没有调试系统软件的计划，可以通过从二进制程序和库移除调试符号和不必要的符号表项，将系统的体积减小约 2 GB。对于一般的 Linux 用户，这不会造成任何不便。
save_usrlib="$(cd /usr/lib; ls ld-linux*[^g])
libc.so.6
libthread_db.so.1
libquadmath.so.0.0.0
libstdc++.so.6.0.33
libitm.so.1.0.0
libatomic.so.1.2.0"
cd /usr/lib
for LIB in $save_usrlib; do
objcopy --only-keep-debug --compress-debug-sections=zlib $LIB $LIB.dbg
cp $LIB /tmp/$LIB
strip --strip-unneeded /tmp/$LIB
objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=$LIB.dbg /tmp/$LIB
install -vm755 /tmp/$LIB /usr/lib
rm /tmp/$LIB
done
online_usrbin="bash find strip"
online_usrlib="libbfd-2.44.so
libsframe.so.1.0.0
libhistory.so.8.2
libncursesw.so.6.5
libm.so.6
libreadline.so.8.2
libz.so.1.3.1
libzstd.so.1.5.7
$(cd /usr/lib; find libnss*.so* -type f)"
for BIN in $online_usrbin; do
cp /usr/bin/$BIN /tmp/$BIN
strip --strip-unneeded /tmp/$BIN
install -vm755 /tmp/$BIN /usr/bin
rm /tmp/$BIN
done
for LIB in $online_usrlib; do
cp /usr/lib/$LIB /tmp/$LIB
strip --strip-unneeded /tmp/$LIB
install -vm755 /tmp/$LIB /usr/lib
rm /tmp/$LIB
done
for i in $(find /usr/lib -type f -name \*.so* ! -name \*dbg) \
$(find /usr/lib -type f -name \*.a) \
$(find /usr/{bin,sbin,libexec} -type f); do
case "$online_usrbin $online_usrlib $save_usrlib" in
*$(basename $i)* )
;;
* ) strip --strip-unneeded $i
;;
esac
done
unset BIN LIB save_usrlib online_usrbin online_usrlib
rm -rf /tmp/{*,.*}
find /usr/lib /usr/libexec -name \*.la -delete
find /usr -depth -name $(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu\* | xargs rm -rf
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