mkdir -pv /{boot,home,mnt,opt,srv}
mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}
mkdir -pv /lib/firmware
mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{include,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
mkdir -pv /usr/local/{bin,lib,sbin}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}
mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}

ln -sfv /run /var/run
ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock

install -dv -m 0750 /root
install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp

ln -sv /proc/self/mounts /etc/mtab
cat > /etc/hosts << EOF
127.0.0.1  localhost $(hostname)
::1        localhost
EOF

cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF"
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/run/dbus:/usr/bin/false
uuidd:x:80:80:UUID Generation Daemon User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
nobody:x:65534:65534:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:73:systemd Journal Gateway:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-journal-remote:x:74:74:systemd Journal Remote:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-journal-upload:x:75:75:systemd Journal Upload:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-network:x:76:76:systemd Network Management:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-resolve:x:77:77:systemd Resolver:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-timesync:x:78:78:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-coredump:x:79:79:systemd Core Dumper:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-oom:x:81:81:systemd Out Of  Memory Daemon:/:/usr/bin/false
EOF

cat > /etc/group << "EOF"
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:daemon
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tape:x:4:
tty:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
cdrom:x:15:
adm:x:16:
messagebus:x:18:
input:x:24:
mail:x:34:
kvm:x:61:
uuidd:x:80:
wheel:x:97:
users:x:999:
nogroup:x:65534:
systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:
systemd-journal-remote:x:74:
systemd-journal-upload:x:75:
systemd-network:x:76:
systemd-resolve:x:77:
systemd-timesync:x:78:
systemd-coredump:x:79:
systemd-oom:x:81:
EOF

echo "tester:x:101:101::/home/tester:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd
echo "tester:x:101:" >> /etc/group
install -o tester -d /home/tester
exec /usr/bin/bash --login
touch /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,faillog,wtmp}
chgrp -v utmp /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 664  /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 600  /var/log/btmp

如果没有这些用户和组，后面操作系统在启动时相关的服务都将无法正常启动。例如 “systemd-oomd failed to determine user credentials”类似的错误

tar xvf systemd-257.3.tar.gz
cd systemd-257.3
sed -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
    -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //'               \
    -i rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in
mkdir -p build
cd       build
meson setup ..                \
      --prefix=/usr           \
      --buildtype=release     \
      -D default-dnssec=no    \
      -D firstboot=false      \
      -D install-tests=false  \
      -D ldconfig=false       \
      -D sysusers=false       \
      -D rpmmacrosdir=no      \
      -D homed=disabled       \
      -D userdb=false         \
      -D man=disabled         \
      -D mode=release         \
      -D pamconfdir=no        \
      -D dev-kvm-mode=0660    \
      -D nobody-group=nogroup \
      -D sysupdate=disabled   \
      -D ukify=disabled       \
      -D docdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-257.3
ninja
ninja install
systemd-machine-id-setup
systemctl preset-all

tar xvf dbus-1.16.0.tar.xz 
cd dbus-1.16.0
mkdir build
cd    build
meson setup --prefix=/usr --buildtype=release --wrap-mode=nofallback ..
ninja
ninja install
ln -sfv /etc/machine-id /var/lib/dbus

save_usrlib="$(cd /usr/lib; ls ld-linux*[^g])
             libc.so.6
             libthread_db.so.1
             libquadmath.so.0.0.0
             libstdc++.so.6.0.33
             libitm.so.1.0.0
             libatomic.so.1.2.0"

cd /usr/lib

for LIB in $save_usrlib; do
    objcopy --only-keep-debug --compress-debug-sections=zlib $LIB $LIB.dbg
    cp $LIB /tmp/$LIB
    strip --strip-unneeded /tmp/$LIB
    objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=$LIB.dbg /tmp/$LIB
    install -vm755 /tmp/$LIB /usr/lib
    rm /tmp/$LIB
done

online_usrbin="bash find strip"
online_usrlib="libbfd-2.44.so
               libsframe.so.1.0.0
               libhistory.so.8.2
               libncursesw.so.6.5
               libm.so.6
               libreadline.so.8.2
               libz.so.1.3.1
               libzstd.so.1.5.7
               $(cd /usr/lib; find libnss*.so* -type f)"

for BIN in $online_usrbin; do
    cp /usr/bin/$BIN /tmp/$BIN
    strip --strip-unneeded /tmp/$BIN
    install -vm755 /tmp/$BIN /usr/bin
    rm /tmp/$BIN
done

for LIB in $online_usrlib; do
    cp /usr/lib/$LIB /tmp/$LIB
    strip --strip-unneeded /tmp/$LIB
    install -vm755 /tmp/$LIB /usr/lib
    rm /tmp/$LIB
done

for i in $(find /usr/lib -type f -name \*.so* ! -name \*dbg) \
         $(find /usr/lib -type f -name \*.a)                 \
         $(find /usr/{bin,sbin,libexec} -type f); do
    case "$online_usrbin $online_usrlib $save_usrlib" in
        *$(basename $i)* )
            ;;
        * ) strip --strip-unneeded $i
            ;;
    esac
done

unset BIN LIB save_usrlib online_usrbin online_usrlib

rm -rf /tmp/{*,.*}
find /usr/lib /usr/libexec -name \*.la -delete
find /usr -depth -name $(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu\* | xargs rm -rf

默认情况下网络的接口名称由 udev 进程自动管理和生成，udev 进程包含在 【3.1. Systemd-257.3】中。由于当前是 chroot 环境，系统无法正常生成网卡名称

ln -s /dev/null /etc/systemd/network/99-default.link

cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-ether0.link << "EOF"
[Match]
# Change the MAC address as appropriate for your network device
MACAddress=12:34:45:78:90:AB

[Link]
Name=ether0
EOF

cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-eth-static.network << "EOF"
[Match]
Name=ether0

[Network]
Address=192.168.77.196/24
Gateway=192.168.77.1
DNS=192.168.77.4
Domains=lfs.local
EOF

cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-eth-dhcp.network << "EOF"
[Match]
Name=<network-device-name>

[Network]
DHCP=ipv4

[DHCPv4]
UseDomains=true
EOF

cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/resolv.conf

domain lfs.local
nameserver 10.0.2.3
nameserver 223.5.5.5

# End /etc/resolv.conf
EOF

echo "LFS" > /etc/hostname
cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
127.0.1.1 <FQDN> <HOSTNAME>
<192.168.1.2> <FQDN> <HOSTNAME> [alias1] [alias2 ...]
::1       localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1   ip6-allnodes
ff02::2   ip6-allrouters

# End /etc/hosts
EOF

cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock

UTC=1

# Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock,
# such as machine hardware clock type for Alphas.
CLOCKPARAMS=

# End /etc/sysconfig/clock
EOF

cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/profile

for i in $(locale); do
  unset ${i%=*}
done

if [[ "$TERM" = linux ]]; then
  export LANG=C.UTF-8
else
  export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
fi

# End /etc/profile
EOF

cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inputrc
# Modified by Chris Lynn <roryo@roryo.dynup.net>

# Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line
set horizontal-scroll-mode Off

# Enable 8-bit input
set meta-flag On
set input-meta On

# Turns off 8th bit stripping
set convert-meta Off

# Keep the 8th bit for display
set output-meta On

# none, visible or audible
set bell-style none

# All of the following map the escape sequence of the value
# contained in the 1st argument to the readline specific functions
"\eOd": backward-word
"\eOc": forward-word

# for linux console
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
"\e[6~": end-of-history
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[2~": quoted-insert

# for xterm
"\eOH": beginning-of-line
"\eOF": end-of-line

# for Konsole
"\e[H": beginning-of-line
"\e[F": end-of-line

# End /etc/inputrc
EOF

cat > /etc/shells << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/shells

/bin/sh
/bin/bash

# End /etc/shells
EOF

cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"
PARTUUID=2b499aa4-01     /            ext4      defaults            1     1
PARTUUID=2b499aa4-02     swap         swap       pri=1               0     0
proc           /proc          proc     nosuid,noexec,nodev 0     0
sysfs          /sys           sysfs    nosuid,noexec,nodev 0     0
devpts         /dev/pts       devpts   gid=5,mode=620      0     0
tmpfs          /run           tmpfs    defaults            0     0
devtmpfs       /dev           devtmpfs mode=0755,nosuid    0     0
tmpfs          /dev/shm       tmpfs    nosuid,nodev        0     0
cgroup2        /sys/fs/cgroup cgroup2  nosuid,noexec,nodev 0     0
EOF