location指令的作用是根据用户请求URI来执行不同的应用,location会根据用户请求网站URL进行匹配定位到某个location区块。如果匹配成功将会处理location块的规则。
location的语法规则如下
location = /uri ┬ ┬ ┬ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─────────────── 前缀|正则 │ └──────────────────── 可选的修饰符(用于匹配模式及优先级) └───────────────────────── 必须 |
优先级表示优先匹配,可理解为编程当中的switch语法。
以下从上到下,第一个优先级最高。
= | location = /uri ^~ | location ^~ /uri ~ | location ~ pattern ~* | location ~* pattern /uri | location /uri @ | location @err |
表示严格相等
location = /static {
default_type text/html;
return 200 "hello world";
}
# http://localhost/static [成功]
# http://localhost/Static [失败] |
location ^~ /static {
default_type text/html;
return 200 "hello world";
}
# http://localhost/static/1.txt [成功]
# http://localhost/public/1.txt [失败] |
使用正则 。某些操作系统对大小写敏感是不生效的,比如windows操作系统
location ~ ^/static$ {
default_type text/html;
return 200 "hello world";
}
# http://localhost/static [成功]
# http://localhost/static?v=1 [成功] 忽略查询字符串
# http://localhost/STATic [失败]
# http://localhost/static/ [失败] 多了斜杠 |
忽略大小写敏感, 使用正则
location ~* ^/static$ {
default_type text/html;
return 200 "hello world";
}
# http://localhost/static [成功]
# http://localhost/static?v=1 [成功] 忽略查询字符串
# http://localhost/STATic [成功]
# http://localhost/static/ [失败] 多了斜杠 |
匹配以/uri开头的地址
location /static {
default_type text/html;
return 200 "hello world";
}
# http://localhost/static [成功]
# http://localhost/STATIC?v=1 [成功]
# http://localhost/static/1 [成功]
# http://localhost/static/1.txt [成功] |
用于定义一个 Location 块,且该块不能被外部 Client 所访问,只能被nginx内部配置指令所访问,比如 try_files or error_page
location / {
root /root/;
error_page 404 @err;
}
location @err {
# 规则
default_type text/html;
return 200 "err";
}
# 如果 http://localhost/1.txt 404,将会跳转到@err并输出err |
注意:优先级不分编辑location前后顺序
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|pdf|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ {
default_type text/html;
return 200 "~";
}
location ^~ /static {
default_type text/html;
return 200 "^~";
}
location / {
root /Users/xiejiahe/Documents/nginx/nginx/9000/;
error_page 404 @err;
}
location = /static {
default_type text/html;
return 200 "=";
}
location ~* ^/static$ {
default_type text/html;
return 200 "~*";
}
location @err {
default_type text/html;
return 200 "err";
}
} |
=
^~